| Targets | Composition | Name | Lab | PubMed | Year | |||||
| Ca++ | ||||||||||
| Ca++ | BGFP-CaM_binding sequence-RGFP | FIP-CB | Persechini | 9148946 | 1997 | |||||
| Ca++ | CFP-Calmodulin-M13-YFP | cameleon | Tsien | 9278050 | 1997 | |||||
| Other calcium sensors are reviewed by Miyawaki and Niino | 26000848 | 2015 | ||||||||
| Cl-, Mg++, M+, Pi | ||||||||||
| Cl- | CFP-linker-YFP | Clomeleon | Augustine | 11055428 | 2000 | |||||
| Mg++ | Cerulean-HsCen2-Citrine | MagFRET | Merkx | 24312622 | 2013 | |||||
| Mg++ | ECFP-CorA-CD-Venus | MARIO | Nagai | 29358072 | 2018 | |||||
| K+ | ECFP-BON-LysM-cpVenus | GEPIIs | Malli | 24312622 | 2017 | |||||
| Pi | ECFP-PiBP-Venus | FLIPPi | Frommer | 17034793 | 2006 | |||||
| Pi | ECFP-PiBP-cp173Venus | cpFLIPPi-6.4m | Garcia | 26484766 | 2015 | |||||
| Transition and heavy metals | ||||||||||
| Zn++ | Cerulean-Atox1-WD4-Citrine | eCALWY | Merkx | 19718032 | 2009 | |||||
| Zn++ | mOrrange-Atox1-WD4-mCherry | redCALWY-4 | Merkx | 23962156 | 2013 | |||||
| Zn++ | CFP-Zap1-EYFP | ZapCY | Palmer | 21502528 | 2011 | |||||
| Zn++ | mOrange-Zap1-mCherry | ZapOC2 | Palmer | 23173058 | 2012 | |||||
| Zn++ | Clover-Zap1-mRuby | ZapCmR | Palmer | 23173058 | 2012 | |||||
| Zn++ | tSappire-Zap1-mKO | ZapSM | Palmer | 23173058 | 2012 | |||||
| Zn++ | tSapphire-Zap1-TagRFP | ZapSR | Palmer | 23173058 | 2012 | |||||
| Zn++ | mOrange-Zap1-mKATE | ZapOK | Palmer | 23173058 | 2012 | |||||
| Zn++ | CFP_H206/C208-linker-EYFP_H206/C208 | eZinCh-2 | Merkx | 26151333 | 2015 | |||||
| Cu+ | CFP-Cupper_binding_domain-YFP | Amt1-FRET | He | 20131768 | 2010 | |||||
| Other ion sensors are reviewed by Hao, Zhu, and Chen | 29275290 | 2015 | ||||||||
| Proteases | ||||||||||
| Factor Xa | RSGFP-Factor Xa cleavage site-BFP | RSGFP4-BFP5 fusion protein | Youvan | 8707050 | 1996 | |||||
| Caspase3 | EGFP-DEVD-EBFP | EGFP-DEVD-EBFP | Luo | 9518501 | 1998 | |||||
| Caspase3 | CFP-DEVD-YFP | CFP-DEVD-YFP | Tavare | 11256610 | 2000 | |||||
| Caspase3 | EYFP-DEVD-EGFP | EYFP-DEVD-EGFP | Bastiaens | 11175733 | 2001 | |||||
| Caspase8 | YFP-Bid-CFP | CFP-c3-YFP-c6-mRFP | Taira | 12409609 | 2002 | |||||
| Caspase3 | BFP-DEVD-GFP | BFP-DEVD-GFP | Prehn | 11964393 | 2002 | |||||
| Caspase3, 9 | ECFP-cleavage site (DEVD or VEID) -Venus | SCAT3, 9 | Miura | 12527749 | 2003 | |||||
| Caspase3, 6 | CFP-SGDEVD-YFP-RSRAQASVEID-mRFP | CFP-c3-YFP-c6-mRFP | He | 16683263 | 2006 | |||||
| Caspase3 | mCitrine-DEVD-mTFP1 | Caspase3 biosensor | Campbell | 18425137 | 2008 | |||||
| Caspase3 | mAmetrine-DEVD-tdTomato | Caspase3 biosensor | Campbell | 18425137 | 2008 | |||||
| Caspases | ECFP-cleavage site-Venus | IC, EC, EDVDG-RP | Sorger | 18406323 | 2008 | |||||
| Caspase3 | mKate2/eqFP650-DEVD-iRFP | caspase3 sensors | Lukyanov | 26842350 | 2016 | |||||
| Caspase3 | miRFP670nano-DEVD-miRFP720 | caspase-3 activity reporter | Verkhusha | 30655515 | 2019 | |||||
| MMP activity | Igk-Chain-YFP-MSS-CFP-TM (PDGFR) | YFP-MSS-CFPdisplay | Luo | 17187878 | 2007 | |||||
| MMP activity | 6His-YFP-MSS-CFP | YFP-MSS-CFPdisplay | Luo | 17187878 | 2007 | |||||
| MT1-MMP | YPet-[MMP substrate]-CFP | MT1-MMP FRET biosensor | Wang | 18441011 | 2008 | |||||
| MT1-MMP | mCherry-MT1-[MMP substrate]-mOrange2 | MT1-MMP FRET biosensor | Wang | 20197470 | 2010 | |||||
| MMP-9 | Signal peptide-Venus-linker-Venus-[MMP9 substrate]-linker- mTFP1-PDGFR | MMP-9 activity biosensor | Wlodarczyk | 24290700 | 2013 | |||||
| m-caplain activity | EYFP-mCalpain cleavage site-ECFP-PDZ1-1 targeting seq | YSCS | Edelman | 10688895 | 2000 | |||||
| ADAM17 | TGFα-YPet-TNFα cleavage site-ECFP-PDGFR | TSen | Liu | 25714465 | 2015 | |||||
| Granzyme B | ECFP-VGDPFGR-Venus | GzmB reporter | Mitchison | 23576740 | 2016 | |||||
| Neutrophil elastase | CFP-NE cleavage site-YFP | NE-specific protein sensor | Richter | 26858995 | 2016 | |||||
| Necroptosis | ||||||||||
| Necroptosis | YPet-MLKL-ECFP | SMART | Nakano | 30367066 | 2018 | |||||
| Tyrosine kinases, substrate phosphorylation | ||||||||||
| EGFR | CFP-SH2 (Shc)-substrate (synthetic)-YFP | EGFR-indicator | Tsien | 11752449 | 2001 | |||||
| EGFR | EGFR-CFP-PTB (Shc)-YFP | FLAME | Basitiaens | 15215236 | 2004 | |||||
| EGFR | α-helix-YFP-CrkII-CFP | Picchu-Z | Matsuda | 15922734 | 2005 | |||||
| PDGFR | CFP-SH2 (Nck)-PDGFR_Tyr751-YFP | PDGFR biosensor | Wang | 28487538 | 2017 | |||||
| Insulin receptor | CFP-substrate (IRS1)-SH2 (p85)-YFP | Phocus | Umezawa | 11875431 | 2002 | |||||
| EphA4 receptor | ECFP-SH2 (Src)-substrate-YPet | EphA4 biosensor | Wang | 30608127 | 2019 | |||||
| Abl, EGFR | YFP-CrkII-CFP | Picchu | Matsuda | 11406630 | 2001 | |||||
| Abl, EGFR | YPet-CrkII-EV-SECFP | PicchuEV | Matsuda | 21976697 | 2011 | |||||
| Abl, EGFR | CFP-CrkII-YFP | Abl indicator | Tsien | 11752449 | 2001 | |||||
| Abl | Venus-CrkL-ECFP | Pickles | Ohba | 20670950 | 2010 | |||||
| BCR-ABL | m1Venus-CrkL-cp173ECFP | Pickles 2.34 | Ohba | 27928132 | 2017 | |||||
| Src | TM (Cbp)-YFP-substrate (Cbp)-SH2 (Csk)-CFP | Chimera | Okada | 11880369 | 2003 | |||||
| Src | CFP-SH2 (Src)- substrate (synthetic)-YFP | Src indicator | Tsien | 11752449 | 2001 | |||||
| Src | CFP-SH2 (Src)- substrate (synthetic)-YFP | Src reporter | Wang | 15846350 | 2005 | |||||
| Src | sfGFP-SH2 (Src)- substrate (synthetic)-mTagBFP | BG Src biosensor | Zhang | 23517824 | 2013 | |||||
| SYK, ZAP70 | ECFP-SH2 (SYK)- linker -substrate-YPet | SYK biosensor | Zhu | 25541586 | 2011 | |||||
| ZAP70 | mCFP-SH2 (Grb2)- linker -substrate-YPet | ROZA-XL | Lellouch | 25735979 | 2015 | |||||
| Tyrosine kinases, conformational change | ||||||||||
| FAK | CFP-FERM-Citrine-kinase-FAT | CYFAK413 | Schaller | 17967873 | 2008 | |||||
| FAK | YFP-FERM-CFP-KD-FAT | FERM-sensor | Bunt | 19208768 | 2009 | |||||
| FAK | mCitrineFERM-TEV-protease site-ER/K-linke-mCerulean-kinase and FAT domains | SPASM sensor | Sivaramakrishnan | 23393139 | 2009 | |||||
| Lck | SH3-ECFP-SH2-kinase-EYFP | CLckY-2 | Stockinger H | 19201869 | 2009 | |||||
| Serine/threonine kinases, substrate phosphorylation | ||||||||||
| AGC family | ||||||||||
| PKA | GFP-KID (PKA)-BFP | ART | Hagiwara | 10700148 | 2000 | |||||
| PKA | CFP-[14-3-3]-substrate (synthetic)-YFP | AKAR | Tsien | 11752448 | 2001 | |||||
| PKA | Cerulean-FHA1-substrate-cp173Venus | AKAR4 | Zhang | 20838685 | 2011 | |||||
| PKA | YPet-FHA1-EV-substrate-ECFP | AKAR3-EV | Matsuda | 21976697 | 2011 | |||||
| PKA | GFP-FHA1-substrate-sReach-MTBD | tAKARα | Zhong | 30100256 | 2018 | |||||
| PKA | miRFP670nano-FHA1-EV-substrate-miRFP720 | NIR biosensor | Verkhusha | 30655515 | 2019 | |||||
| S6K | YPet-FHA1-EV-substrate-Turquoise | Eevee-S6K | Matsuda | 21976697 | 2011 | |||||
| RSK | YPet-FHA1-EV-substrate-ECFP | Eevee-RSK | Matsuda | 21976697 | 2011 | |||||
| Aurora B | CFP-FHA2-substrate(Kif2 57-70)-YFP | Aurora B sensor | Kapoor | 18463638 | 2008 | |||||
| Plk-1 | CFP-FHA2-substrate(Myt1 421-432)-YFP | Plk sensor | Medema | 18615013 | 2008 | |||||
| PKC | CFP-FHA2 (Rad53P)-substrate(synthetic)-YFP | CKAR | Newton | 12782683 | 2003 | |||||
| aPKC | CFP-FHA2 (Rad53P)-substrate(AKLLGMTFMIRSSG)-YFP | aCKAR | Newton | PMC6657501 | 2019 | |||||
| PKC | YFP-PH and DEP (pleckstrin)-GFP | KCP-2 | Schultz | 16390103 | 2006 | |||||
| PKC | YFP-PH and DEP (pleckstrin)-GFP | KCAP-1 | Schultz | 16390103 | 2006 | |||||
| PKC | C1-YPet-FHA1-EV-substrate-ECFP | Eevee-PKC | Matsuda | 21976697 | 2011 | |||||
| AKT/PKB | CFP-[14-3-3]-substrate-YFP | Aktus | Umezawa | 12773546 | 2003 | |||||
| AKT/PKB | CFP-FHA2-substrate-YFP | BKAR | Newton | 15583002 | 2005 | |||||
| AKT/PKB | PH-YPet-FHA1-EV-substrate-ECFP | Eevee-Akt | Matsuda | 21976697 | 2011 | |||||
| AKT/PKB | PH-YPet-FHA1-EV-substrate-ECFP | Eevee-iAkt | Aoki | 24212374 | 2014 | |||||
| Rho kinase/ROCK | YPet-FHA1-EV-substrate-ECFP | Eevee-ROCK | Matsuda | 27885213 | 2016 | |||||
| CMGC family | ||||||||||
| ERK | CFP-FHA2-substrate-YFP-domain | Erkus | Umezawa | 17261026 | 2007 | |||||
| ERK | mRFP-WW-Long linker-substrate-EGFP | EKAR | Sbovoda | 19033456 | 2008 | |||||
| ERK | YPet-WW-EV-substrate-ECFP | EKAREV | Matsuda | 21976697 | 2011 | |||||
| ERK | mTurquoise-WW-EV-substrate- cp175Venus-Venus | EKAREV-TVV | Bodart | 24434874 | 2014 | |||||
| ERK | mTFP1cp227-WW-substrate- cp173Venus-Venus | EKAR 2G1 | Jeon | 30042437 | 2018 | |||||
| ERK | YPet-WW-EV linker-substrate-ECFP | EKARrEV | Matsuda | 34667080 | 2022 | |||||
| ERK | YPet-WW-EV linker-substrate- Turquoise2 | EKAREN5 | Snippert | 33795873 | 2021 | |||||
| C.elegans MPK-1 | YPet-WW-[c-jun]-SECFP | ERKy | Saito | 23074267 | 2012 | |||||
| Arabidopsis MAPK (MPK3/MPK6) | YPet-WW-EV-MKP-TurqGL | SOMA | Krysan | 30444549 | 2019 | |||||
| JNK | ECFP-FHA1-JDP2-JDP2delta-Citrine | JNKAR1 | Zhang | 20212108 | 2010 | |||||
| JNK | YPet-FHA1-EV-JDP2-JDP2delta-ECFP | JNKAR1EV | Matsuda | 21976697 | 2011 | |||||
| JNK | miRFP670nano--FHA1-EV-JDP2-JDP2delta-miRFP720 | NIR biosensor | Verkhusha | 30655515 | 2019 | |||||
| p38 | YPet-WW-substrate-SECFP | PerKy-38 | Saito | 26399197 | 2015 | |||||
| Cdk1 | YPet-polo box-substrate-mCerulean | Cdk1/PP1 Biosensor | Pines | 20412769 | 2010 | |||||
| Cdk1 | YPet-WW-EV-substrate-ECFP | Cdk1-EV FRET biosensor | Yang | BioRxiv | 2021 | |||||
| STE family | ||||||||||
| SAP3K | YFP-FHA1-MKK6_DN-DVD_domain-CFP | SAP3K reporter | Saito | 19737916 | 2009 | |||||
| CAMK family | ||||||||||
| MLCK, Rho kinase | CFP-Myosin light chain-YFP | CRCit | Iino | 19033456 | 2005 | |||||
| AMPK | ECFP-FHA1-substrate-cp173Venus | AMPKAR | Cantley | 21459332 | 2011 | |||||
| AMPK | Cerulean-FHA1-substrate-cp173Venus | ABKAR | Zhang | 25788287 | 2015 | |||||
| AMPK | mTurquoise2-FHA1-substrate-cp173Venus | T2-AMPKAR | Sardini | 27548185 | 2016 | |||||
| AMPK | YPet-FHA1-EV-substrate-ECFP | AMPKAR-EV | Matsuda | 29186696 | 2017 | |||||
| Sucrose-non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase-2s (SnRK2s) | YPet-[14-3-3]-EV-AKS1-TurqGL | SNACS | Schroeder | 32463362 | 2020 | |||||
| PKD | CFP-FHA2-substrate-YFP | DKAR | Newton | 17189263 | 2007 | |||||
| TKL | ||||||||||
| Tak1 | YPet-FHA1-EV-substrate-ECFP | Eevee-Tak1 | Matsuda | 26931406 | 2016 | |||||
| CK1 | ||||||||||
| CK1 | YPet-FHA1-EV-substrate-ECFP | CK1-specific FRET biosensor | Suter | 29222110 | 2018 | |||||
| Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinases (PIKKs) | ||||||||||
| ATM | YFP-Chk2_substrate-FHA1-CFP | ATM reporter | Hunter | 17428747 | 2007 | |||||
| mTORC1 | mCerulean-4EBP1-YPet | TORCAR | Zhang | 25772363 | 2015 | |||||
| Serine/threonine kinases, conformational change | ||||||||||
| AKT/PKB | GFP-AKT-YFPdark | GFP-AKT-YFP | Larijani | 12662152 | 2003 | |||||
| AKT/PKB | PH (Akt)-YFP-AKT-CFP | Akind | Matsuda | 17079732 | 2007 | |||||
| PKCdelta | CFP-PKC-YFP | CY-PKCdelta | Blumberg | 15611119 | 2005 | |||||
| c-Raf | YFP-cRaf-CFP | Prin-cRaf | Matsuda | 15711535 | 2005 | |||||
| B-Raf | YFP-BRaf-CFP | Prin-Braf | Matsuda | 16858395 | 2006 | |||||
| ERK | YFP-ERK-CFP | Miu2 | Matsuda | 16418172 | 2006 | |||||
| MLCK | MLCK-GFP-BFP | MLCK-FIP | Chisholm | 11815633 | 2002 | |||||
| MLCK | MLCK-CFP-YFP | MLCK-FIP | Chew | 20067998 | 2010 | |||||
| CAMK2α | YFP-Camk2α-CFP | Camuiα | Hayashi | 20067998 | 2005 | |||||
| CAMK2α | Clover-Camk2a-mRuby | Camuiα | Lin | 22961245 | 2012 | |||||
| CAMK2α | dimVenus-Camk2α-mEGFP | Green-Camuiα | Yasuda | 22961245 | 2016 | |||||
| CAMK2α | mTurquoise-Camk2α-Venus | Camk2α(314)-F40 | Schultz | 20067998 | 2011 | |||||
| CAMK2α | mTurquoise-Camk2α-Venus | Camk2α-F63 | Schultz | 20067998 | 2011 | |||||
| DAPK1 | mTurquoise-DAPK1-Venus | DAPK1(334)-F40 | Schultz | 20067998 | 2011 | |||||
| Aurora kinase A | GFP-AURKA-mCherry | AURKA biosensor | Tramier | 27624869 | 2016 | |||||
| Serine/threonine phosphatases, substrate type | ||||||||||
| Calcineurin (PP2B) | CFP-NFAT-Venus | CaNAR1 | Zhang | 18493642 | 2008 | |||||
| CDC25/Plk1 | mTurquoise-FHA2-Cdc25-YPet | Cdc25C-S75 biosensor | Gavet | 26254922 | 2016 | |||||
| Histon methylation | ||||||||||
| Histon H3-K9, K27 | CFP-Chromodomain-histonH3-YFP | K9, K27 reporter | Ting | 15137760 | 2004 | |||||
| Histon H4-K5, K8 | Venus-BRDT bromodomain-linker-HistoneH4-CFP | Histac | Yoshida | 19805290 | 2009 | |||||
| Histon H4-K12 | Venus-BRD4_bromodomain-linker-Histone_H4-CFP | Histac-K12 | Yoshida | 21513886 | 2012 | |||||
| Histon H3-K9, K14 | Venus-BRD4_bromodomain-linker-Histone_H3-ECFP | Histac-H3K9/K14 | Yoshida | 25946208 | 2016 | |||||
| Small GTPases | ||||||||||
| Ras family | ||||||||||
| Ras, Rap1 | YFP-Ras-Raf-CFP | Raichu-Ras, Rap1 | Matsuda | 11429608 | 2001 | |||||
| Ras | YPet-Ras-EV-Raf-TurquoiseGL | RaichuEV-Ras | Matsuda | 21976697 | 2011 | |||||
| Ras, Rap1 | RasRBD (Byr2)-Cerulean3-Venus-HRas | DORA-Ras | Mayer | 25043303 | 2015 | |||||
| Ral | YFP-Ral-RalBP1-CFP | Raichu-RalA, RalB | Matsuda | 15034142 | 2004 | |||||
| RRas | YFP-Rras-RalGDS-CFP | Raichu-RRas | Matsuda | 17344481 | 2007 | |||||
| Rho family | ||||||||||
| RhoA | YFP-PKN-RhoA-CFP | Raichu-RhoA | Matsuda | 12860967 | 2003 | |||||
| RhoA | YFP-Rhotekin-CFP | Raichu-RBD | Matsuda | 12860967 | 2003 | |||||
| RhoA | rhotekin-CFP-YFP-RhoA | RhoA1G | Hahn | 16547516 | 2006 | |||||
| RhoA | mTFP-rhotekin-cp175-Venus-RhoA | RhoA2G | Pertz | #40176 | 2013 | |||||
| RhoA | RhoA-CFP-YFP-PKN | DORA-RhoA | Goedhart | 26435194 | 2015 | |||||
| RhoA | mCer-cp49Venus-RhoA | GDI.RhoA FLARE | Hahn | 27501396 | 2016 | |||||
| RhoB/RhoC | RBD (PKD)-mVenus-Cerulean3-RhoB/C | RhoB/C biosensor | Hordijk | 27147504 | 2016 | |||||
| Rac1 | YFP-PAK-Rac1-CFP | Raichu-Rac1 | Matsuda | 12192056 | 2002 | |||||
| Rac, Cdc42 | YFP-PAK-CFP | Raichu-CRIB | Matsuda | 12192056 | 2002 | |||||
| Rac1 | cp227-mTFP-Pak1-cp229-Venus-Rac1 | Rac1-2G | Pertz | #66110 | 2015 | |||||
| Rac1 | miRFP720-PBD-miRFP670-Rac1 | NIR Rac1 biosensor | Hodgson | 29686359 | 2018 | |||||
| Rac1 | mCer-cp49Venus-Rac1 | GDI.Rac1 FLARE | Hahn | 27501396 | 2016 | |||||
| Cdc42 | YFP-PAK-Cdc42-CFP | Raichu-Cdc42 | Matsuda | 12192056 | 2002 | |||||
| Rac, Cdc42 | YPet-PAK-Rac1/Cdc42-CFP | Raichu-Rac | Wang | 18799748 | 2008 | |||||
| Rac, Cdc42 | YPet-PAK-EV-Rac1-CFP | Raichu-Rac | Matsuda | 21976697 | 2011 | |||||
| Cdc42 | Cdc42-YFP-GBD-ACV-CFP | GEF sensor | Rosen | 12680752 | 2003 | |||||
| N-WASP/Cdc42 | CFP-N-WASP-YFP | N-WASP-BS | Condeelis | 15084285 | 2004 | |||||
| Cdc42 | cp227-mTFP-WASP-cp173-Venus-Cdc42 | Cdc42-2G | Pertz | #68814 | 2015 | |||||
| Cdc42 | mCer-PAK_PBD-cp229Venus-Cdc42 | Cdc42 biosensor | Hodgson | 4798463 | 2014 | |||||
| Cdc42 | mCer-cp49Venus-Cdc42 | GDI.Cdc42 FLARE | Hahn | 27501396 | 2016 | |||||
| TC10 | YFP-POSH-TC10-CFP | Raichu-TC10 | Matsuda | 16950130 | 2006 | |||||
| Rab family | ||||||||||
| Rab5 | YFP-EEA1-CFP-Rab5 | Raichu-Rab5 | Matsuda | 18385674 | 2008 | |||||
| Rab11 | FIP3-cp195Venus-eCFP-Rab11 | AS-Rab11 | Hirsch | 18385674 | 2018 | |||||
| Ran family | ||||||||||
| Ran | YFP-Ran_binding_domain-CFP | YRC probe | Heald | 11923538 | 2002 | |||||
| Plant | ||||||||||
| OsRac1 | YFP-PAK-OsRac1-CFP | Raichu-OsRac1 | Shimamoto | 30002723 | 2018 | |||||
| GPCR | ||||||||||
| Parathyroid hormone receptor | PTHR-CFP-PTHR-YFP | PTHR-cam | Lohse | 12808462 | 2003 | |||||
| Alpha(2A)-adrenergic receptor | 2AAR-CFP-2AAR-YFP | 2AAR-cam | Lohse | 12808462 | 2003 | |||||
| M1 muscarinic receptor | M1R-YFP-M1R-CFP | M1R-YFP-CFP | Hille | 19332618 | 2009 | |||||
| M1 muscarinic receptor | M1R-ECFP-M1R-EYFPF46L | M1-cam5 mAChR | Challiss | 22272263 | 2012 | |||||
| Serotonin receptor | 5HT1b-CFP-5HT1b-YFP | 5HT1b receptor sensor | Chachisvilis | 239522400 | 2012 | |||||
| Histamine H3 receptor | H3R-YFP-H3R-CFP | H3R FRET sensor | Xu | 29701013 | 2018 | |||||
| Cannabinoid CB1 receptor | CB1-YFP-CB1-CFP | CB1 receptor sensor | Xu | 29626639 | 2018 | |||||
| Other proteins | ||||||||||
| MyosinII | His-GFP−S1dC (motor domain of MyosinII)−BFP | chimaera | Sutoh | 9845076 | 1998 | |||||
| MyosinII | His-BFP−S1dC−GFP | chimaera | Sutoh | 9845076 | 1998 | |||||
| MyosinII | YFP−myosin(motor domain)−CFP | YFP-myosin-CFP | Bagshaw | 16939200 | 2006 | |||||
| MyosinII | GFP−myosin(motor domain)−BFP | GFP-myosin-BFP | Bagshaw | 16939200 | 2006 | |||||
| HIV Rev | YFP-Rev peptide-CFP | YRFnC-11ad | Kobatake | 16013840 | 2005 | |||||
| Presenilin (PS) | GFP-PS1-RFP | GFP-PS1-RFP | Luo | 19924286 | 2009 | |||||
| Plasma membrane Ca(2+) pump | BFP-plasma membrane Ca2-pump-GFP | BFP-PMCA-GFP | Adamo | 17901055 | 2007 | |||||
| Pin1 | CFP-Pin1-cp195YFP | CPinY | Uchida | 30262141 | 2018 | |||||
| Pyruvate kinase | Citrine-Pyruvate kinae-Cerulean | PKAR | Satin S | 24100037 | 2013 | |||||
| Pyruvate kinase | Cerulean-1.3C-Citrine | redox sensor | Karp | 25224640 | 2014 | |||||
| Glucokinase | cp173mCer3-glucokinase-YFP | FRET-GCK biosensor | Rizzo | 26698632 | 2016 | |||||
| Lipids | ||||||||||
| PIP3 | CFP-PH (GRP)-YFP-membrane anchor | Fllip/Pippi-PIP3 | Umezawa | 14528311 | 2003 | |||||
| PIP2 and PIP3 | CFP-ActA-YFP-membrane anchor | CAY | Cicchetti | 14967034 | 2004 | |||||
| PIP3, PI(3,4)P2 | CFP-PH(Akt)-Pseudoligand-YFP | InPAkt | Zhang | 16214892 | 2005 | |||||
| PI(4,5)P2 | CFP-PH (GRP)-YFP-membrane anchor | CYPHR | Newton | 12782683 | 2003 | |||||
| PI(4,5)P2 | CFP-PH (PLCd)-YFP-membrane anchor | Pippi-PI(4,5)P2 | Matsuda | 18685081 | 2008 | |||||
| PI(3,4)P2 | CFP-PH (TAPP1)-YFP-membrane anchor | Pippi-PI(3,4)P2 | Matsuda | 17079732 | 2007 | |||||
| IP3 | CFP-IP3 receptor-YFP | LIBRA | Tojyo | 15272011 | 2004 | |||||
| IP3 | CFP-IP3 receptor-YFP | fretino | Umezawa | 16053285 | 2005 | |||||
| IP3 | CFP-IP3 receptor-YFP | FIRE | Mignery | 16249182 | 2006 | |||||
| Diacylglycerol | CFP-C1 (PKC)-YFP | DAGR | Newton | 12782683 | 2003 | |||||
| Diacylglycerol | CFP-CRD (PKC)-YFP-membrane anchor | Daglas | Umezawa | 16990811 | 2006 | |||||
| Diacylglycerol | CFP-CRD (PKC)-YFP-membrane anchor | DIGDA | Matsuda | 18685081 | 2008 | |||||
| PI(4)P | CFP-PH (GRP)-YFP-membrane anchor | Pippi-PI(4)P | Matsuda | 18685081 | 2008 | |||||
| Phosphatidic acid | CFP-PA binding doman-YFP-membrane anchor | Pii | Matsuda | 20826779 | 2010 | |||||
| Steroids | ||||||||||
| Androgen | CFP-androgen binding domain-coactivator-YFP | ficaro | Umezawa | 16555356 | 2006 | |||||
| Estrogen/androgen | CFP-estrogen or androgen receptor-YFP | CEY, CAY | Lannigan | 15985367 | 2005 | |||||
| Retinoic Acid | CFP-RAR-YFP | GEPRAs | Miyawaki | 23563268 | 2013 | |||||
| Amino acids | ||||||||||
| Glutamate | CFP-glutamate binding domain-YFP | FLIPE | Frommer | 15939876 | 2005 | |||||
| Glutamate | ECFP-glutamate binding domain-Citrine | GluSnFR | Tsien | 18332427 | 2008 | |||||
| l-arginine | ECFP-AncQ-Venus | cpFLIPR | Jackson | 26061224 | 2015 | |||||
| Citrate | CFP-CitA-Venus | CitA | Zamboni | 3229521 | 2011 | |||||
| Citrate | CFP-LAOBP-YFP | FLIPK | Ahmad | 27334743 | 2016 | |||||
| Sugars | ||||||||||
| Sugar | CFP-sugar binding domain-YFP | nanosensors | Frommer | 15667328 | 2005 | |||||
| Sucrose | ECFP-AtThuE -EYFP | FLIPsuc | Frommer | 16912038 | 2006 | |||||
| Glucose | MglB(1-12)-ECFP-MglB (13-304)-linker-Citrine | FLII12Pglu | Frommer | 18177733 | 2007 | |||||
| Glucose | MglB(1-12)-mTurquoise2-linker-MglB (13-304)-linker-Venus | FLII12Pglu600μ-no.2 | Fitter | 29979038 | 2018 | |||||
| Maltose | ECFP-MBP-EYFP | FLIPmal | Frommer | 12097642 | 2002 | |||||
| Ribose | ECFP-ribose binding protein-EYFP | FLIPrib | Frommer | 14550551 | 2003 | |||||
| Lactate | mTFP-LidR-Venus | Laconic | Barros | 23469056 | 2013 | |||||
| N-(3-oxo-hexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone | CFP-LuxR-YFP | 3OC6HSL sensor | Ye | 24057941 | 2014 | |||||
| Sucrose, Trehalose | ECFP-AtThuE-mVenus | FLIPsuc90μΔ1-Venus | Kikawada | 26214383 | 2015 | |||||
| Glucose | ECFP-MglB-Venus | glucose sensor | Zamboni | 25988853 | 2015 | |||||
| Pyruvate | ECFP-pyruvate_dehydrogenase_repressor-Venus | pyruvate sensor | Zamboni | 25988853 | 2015 | |||||
| Nucleotides | ||||||||||
| cGMP | ||||||||||
| cGMP | YFP-PKG-CFP | CGY | Umezawa | 11140757 | 2000 | |||||
| cGMP | CFP-GKI-YFP | cygnet | Dostmann | 11226257 | 2001 | |||||
| cGMP | YFP-phosphodiesterase-CFP | pGES-DE2 | Lohse | 16369548 | 2006 | |||||
| cGMP | T-Sapphire-PDE5-dimer2_RFP | red cGES-DE5 | Oka | 19551140 | 2009 | |||||
| cGMP | cp173Venus-GKIB-ECFP | PKG #7 | Horikawa | 27232891 | 2016 | |||||
| cAMP | ||||||||||
| cAMP | CFP-Epac-YFP | CFP-Epac-YFP | Jalink | 15550931 | 2004 | |||||
| cAMP | CFP-Epac-YFP | ICUE | Zhang | 15545605 | 2004 | |||||
| cAMP | CFP-Epac-YFP | Epac2-camps | Lohse | 15231839 | 2004 | |||||
| cAMP | YFP-HCN2-CFP | HCN2-camps | Engelhardt | 17038640 | 2006 | |||||
| cAMP | ECFP-Epac-Citrine | Epac2-camps300-Cit | Vincent | 20427672 | 2010 | |||||
| cAMP | mTurquoise-Epac-tdcp173Venus | TEpacVV | Jalink | 21559477 | 2011 | |||||
| cAMP | mTurquoise2-Epac-cp174Citrine | Epac-SH150 | Castro | 24302895 | 2013 | |||||
| cAMP | mTurquoise2’-Epac-tdcp173Venus | Epac-SH187 | Jalink | 25875503 | 2015 | |||||
| cAMP | mTurquoise2’-Epac-tdcp173DarkVenus | Epac-SH159 | Jalink | 25875503 | 2015 | |||||
| cAMP | ECFP-cAMP_binding_domain-YFP | cAMP FRET sensor | Parent | 19808889 | 2009 | |||||
| cAMP | citrine-mlCNBD-Cerulean | mlCNBD-FRET | Kaupp | 27003291 | 2016 | |||||
| cAMP | cp173Venus-RIΏ-ECFP | PKA RIa #7 | Horikawa | 27232891 | 2016 | |||||
| cAMP | CNBD-YFP-CNBD-CFP | Cutie | Zaccolo | 28425435 | 2017 | |||||
| ATP | ||||||||||
| ATP | msECFP-eSubunit(bacterial FoF1-ATP synthase)-Venus | ATeam | Noji | 19720993 | 2009 | |||||
| ATP | mKO-eSubunit(bacterial FoF1-ATP synthase)-cp173mGFP | GO-ATeam | Noji | 21488691 | 2009 | |||||
| Other small molecules | ||||||||||
| NADP+ | YFP-ketopantoate reductase-CFP | NADPsor | Ye | 26524720 | 2016 | |||||
| Thiamine | ECFP-thiamine_binding_protein_TbpA-Venus | thiamine sensor | Zamboni | 25988853 | 2015 | |||||
| Heme | ECFP-IsdX_linker_NEAT-IsdC_NEAT-EYFP | CISDY-9 | Chen | 25860383 | 2015 | |||||
| Bile acid | Cerulean-FXR_LBD-linker-citrine-LXXLL | BAS | van de Graaf | 22899095 | 2015 | |||||
| Furanosyl borate diester | CFP-LuxP (BAI-2 receptor)-YFP | CLPY | Sayre | 17352493 | 2007 | |||||
| Abscisic acid | mTurquoise-PYR1-ΔNABI1-cp173Venus | ABAleon | Schroeder | 24737861 | 2014 | |||||
| Abscisic acid | edCerulean-PYR1-ABI1aid-edCitrine | ABACUS | Frommer | 24737862 | 2014 | |||||
| Voltage | ||||||||||
| K+ channel | Kv potassium channel-CFP-YFP | VSFP1 | Knoepfel | 11454036 | 2001 | |||||
| Other voltage sensors are reviewed by Lin and Schnitzer | 27571193 | 2016 | ||||||||
| Ionic strength | ||||||||||
| ionic strength | mCerulean3-charged_α_helix-mCitrine | ionic strength sensors | Boersma | 28853549 | 2017 | |||||
| Tension sensors | ||||||||||
| Tension | mTFP-elastic linker-Venus | TSMod | Schwartz | 20613844 | 2010 | |||||
| Tension | Clover-elastic linker-mRuby2 | new TSMod | Hoffman | 30024378 | 2018 | |||||
| Tension | Venus-spectrin_repeat-mCerulean | sstFRET | Sachs | 21172803 | 2011 | |||||
| Tension | YPet-ferredoxin_like_linker_peptide-mCherry | FL-TSM | Grashoff | 28945706 | 2017 | |||||
| Vinculin | Head-YFP-Vinculin-CFP | vinculin activation biosensor | Craig | 15883197 | 2005 | |||||
| Vinculin | Head-Venus-Tail-CFP | vinculin conformation-sensitive FRET probes | Gunst | 24338477 | 2014 | |||||
| Vinculin | Vh-mTFP-elastic linker-Venus-Vt | VisTS | Schwartz | 20613844 | 2010 | |||||
| Desmoplakin | Desmoplakin-mTFP-elastic linker-Venus-Desmoplakin | DSG-2 tension sensor | Conway | 29949915 | 2018 | |||||
| Actinin | actinin-Venus-spectrin_repeat-mCerulean-actinin | sstFRET | Sachs | 21172803 | 2011 | |||||
| Actinin | actinin-EGFP-spidersilk_protein-mCherry-actinin | ActTS-GR | Michiue | 27335157 | 2016 | |||||
| Talin | Talin head-EGFP-nanospring-tagRFP-Talin rod | Talin-TS | Schwartz | 27161398 | 2016 | |||||
| Redox | ||||||||||
| REDOX | Cerulean-Yap1 c-CRD-Citrine | Redoxfluor | Sakai | 20498274 | 2010 | |||||
| REDOX | ECFP-RL7-EYFP | redox biosensor | Gaskins | 21606117 | 2011 | |||||
| pH | ||||||||||
| pH | CFP-YFP | CFP-YFP | Schaefer | 15173182 | 2004 | |||||
| pH | ECFP-EYFP | pHlameleon | Wouters | 19007185 | 2008 | |||||
| pH | EcFbFP-YFP | FluBpH | Drepper | 28501596 | 2017 | |||||
| pH | EYFP-mTurquoise2 | pH-Lemon | Malli | 30864782 | 2019 | |||||
| Gas | ||||||||||
| Oxygen | YFP-FbFP | FluBO | Büchs | 22439625 | 2012 | |||||
| Oxygen | ECFP-VHL-HIF-1α-YPet | ProCY | Ai | 27385075 | 2016 | |||||
| Hydrogen Sulfide | cpsGFP-EBFP2 | hsFRET | Ai | 31083907 | 2019 | |||||
| Molecular crowding | ||||||||||
| Crowding | mCerulean3-α_helix-linker-α_helix-mCitrine | Crowding sensor GE | Poolman | 25643150 | 2015 | |||||
| Protein crowding | CFP-GGSGGT-YFP1G | GimRET | Watanabe | 26956628 | 2016 | |||||